In our country, in principle, the so-called free movement in the countryside can be applied, or more precisely on land owned by the state, municipalities and legal entities, if it does not cause damage to property or the health of persons, if it does not violate other legal regulations (e.g. military districts, protective zones, etc.) and if it does not interfere with the rights to the protection of personality and neighboring rights, the rights of land owners or tenants. This category mainly includes restrictions on free access to building plots, yards, gardens, orchards, vineyards, hop farms and plots intended for farm animal breeding. The provisions of Section 63 of the Act on Nature and Landscape Protection address this issue more closely. In this case, the law does not mention overnight stays or emergency sleepovers, so this activity can be considered part of free movement.
However, the same law restricts free movement, entry, spending the night or making fires for nature protection reasons in selected places, especially in the first zones of national parks and in the entire territory of national nature reserves, where the conditions are the strictest and it is not even possible to move outside of marked paths. To a lesser extent, similar prohibitions also apply to other categories of specially protected areas. In addition to the basic and more detailed protective conditions of individual specially protected areas (see the relevant Sections of the Act), provisions of Section 64 of the Act also address this issue. In the rest of the territory, the already mentioned free movement around the landscape applies, while in general it is prohibited to damage or destroy individual protected interests of nature conservation, so, among other things, woody plants, significant landscape features, watercourse, valley floodplain, forest and others. Sleeping in such places alone cannot usually be considered as damage. A permanent shelter can already be a problem, especially if it could be classified as a construction, the placement of which in many areas (including significant landscape features such as all streams and valley floodplains) is subject to the obligation to obtain a binding opinion from the relevant nature protection authority. In addition to nature protection, however, clashes with the above-mentioned rights of land owners or tenants can be expected, who may restrict free movement or stay on their land for various reasons. However, the scope and justification of such restrictions is usually beyond the nature protection law.